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ap_environmental_science [2024/04/04 04:26] – [Unit 4: Earth Systems & Resources] mrdoughap_environmental_science [2024/04/20 05:37] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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-====== MergeResult_2024_04_04_04_14_14 ======+====== APES Study Guide ======
  
 ====== Unit 1: The Living World - Ecosystems ====== ====== Unit 1: The Living World - Ecosystems ======
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 ====== Unit 5: Land & Water Use ====== ====== Unit 5: Land & Water Use ======
  
-**[[about:blank#agriculture|Agriculture]]** ******[[about:blank#agriculture|2]]** 
- 
-> General notes 2 [[about:blank#slash-and-burn|Slash and burn]] [[about:blank#slash-and-burn|2]] [[about:blank#fertilizers-and-pesticides|Fertilizers and pesticides]] [[about:blank#fertilizers-and-pesticides|2]] [[about:blank#irrigation|Irrigation]] [[about:blank#irrigation|2]] [[about:blank#integrated-pest-management|Integrated pest management]] [[about:blank#integrated-pest-management|3]] [[about:blank#genetically-engineered-plants|Genetically engineered plants]] [[about:blank#genetically-engineered-plants|3]] [[about:blank#monoculture|Monoculture]] [[about:blank#monoculture|3]] [[about:blank#soil-degradation|Soil degradation]] [[about:blank#soil-degradation|3]] [[about:blank#meat-production|Meat production]] [[about:blank#meat-production|3]] [[about:blank#urban-runoff|Urban runoff]] [[about:blank#urban-runoff|4]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#forest-resources|Forest resources]]** ******[[about:blank#forest-resources|4]]** 
- 
-> General notes 4 [[about:blank#deforestation|Deforestation]] [[about:blank#deforestation|4]] [[about:blank#forest-policy|Forest policy]] [[about:blank#forest-policy|6]] [[about:blank#natural-events|Natural events]] [[about:blank#natural-events|6]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#ocean-resources|Ocean resources]]** ******[[about:blank#ocean-resources|7]]** 
- 
-> General notes 7 [[about:blank#overfishing|Overfishing]] [[about:blank#overfishing|7]] [[about:blank#threatened-aquatic-ecosystems|Threatened aquatic ecosystems]] [[about:blank#threatened-aquatic-ecosystems|8]] [[about:blank#legislation|Legislation]] [[about:blank#legislation|8]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#water-importance|Water importance]]** ******[[about:blank#water-importance|9]]** 
- 
-> General notes 9 [[about:blank#env-mpx|Env MPX]] [[about:blank#env-mpx|10]] [[about:blank#water-rights|Water rights]] [[about:blank#water-rights|10]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#mining|Mining]]** ******[[about:blank#mining|10]]** 
- 
-> General notes 10 [[about:blank#env-mpx-1|Env MPX]] [[about:blank#env-mpx-1|11]] [[about:blank#regulations|Regulations]] [[about:blank#regulations|11]]  
  
 ====== Agriculture ====== ====== Agriculture ======
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 ====== Unit 6: Energy Resources & Consumption ====== ====== Unit 6: Energy Resources & Consumption ======
  
-**[[about:blank#_6115i5pkelkc|Overview]]** ******[[about:blank#_6115i5pkelkc|2]]** 
- 
-> General notes 2 [[about:blank#_6jemw4wlgpop|Laws of thermodynamics]] [[about:blank#_6jemw4wlgpop|2]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#_9avek91vgzi2|Resources]]** ******[[about:blank#_9avek91vgzi2|2]]** 
- 
-**[[about:blank#_co00zmvyo83b|Fossil fuels]]** ******[[about:blank#_co00zmvyo83b|3]]** 
- 
-> General notes 3 [[about:blank#_625wmeylzkkj|Oil]] [[about:blank#_625wmeylzkkj|3]] [[about:blank#_fplgjf862qt2|Coal]] [[about:blank#_fplgjf862qt2|3]] [[about:blank#_f6rs4hoifxlx|Natural gas]] [[about:blank#_f6rs4hoifxlx|4]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#_1w1s4um7nq53|Nuke energy]]** ******[[about:blank#_1w1s4um7nq53|5]]** 
- 
-> General notes 5 [[about:blank#_ow5skszd82ur|Types of reactors]] [[about:blank#_ow5skszd82ur|5]] [[about:blank#_yybezanrzcwr|Safety issues]] [[about:blank#_yybezanrzcwr|5]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#_rkac2fgplrkm|Renewable energy]]** ******[[about:blank#_rkac2fgplrkm|6]]** 
- 
-> Biomass 6 [[about:blank#_fudo7ja9skuu|Hydroelectric energy]] [[about:blank#_fudo7ja9skuu|6]] [[about:blank#_551tbetjbj8n|Solar energy]] [[about:blank#_551tbetjbj8n|7]] [[about:blank#_w5qwt0k4md6t|Wind energy]] [[about:blank#_w5qwt0k4md6t|7]] [[about:blank#_p4curupjdv1o|Geothermal energy]] [[about:blank#_p4curupjdv1o|8]] [[about:blank#_ddynxztrajch|Ocean tides]] [[about:blank#_ddynxztrajch|8]] [[about:blank#_ife8yv911hxz|Hydrogen cells]] [[about:blank#_ife8yv911hxz|8]]  
- 
-**[[about:blank#_4vh0yz4azsdv|Energy conservation]]** ******[[about:blank#_4vh0yz4azsdv|9]]** 
- 
-**[[about:blank#_xqncdjbt6x5|Env policy]]** ******[[about:blank#_xqncdjbt6x5|9]]** 
- 
-> Major acts 9 [[about:blank#_8z4cgo4sikcm|Green taxes]] [[about:blank#_8z4cgo4sikcm|9]] [[about:blank#_kek2ojlzkvz9|Int’l agreements]] [[about:blank#_kek2ojlzkvz9|10]]  
  
 **Overview** **Overview**
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 |1997|Kyoto Protocol|Members must cut their GHG emissions back to 5% below 1990 levels (US has not ratified)| |1997|Kyoto Protocol|Members must cut their GHG emissions back to 5% below 1990 levels (US has not ratified)|
  
-**Unit 7-8: Atmospheric, Terrestrial and Aquatic Pollution**+======**Unit 7-8: Atmospheric, Terrestrial and Aquatic Pollution**======
  
   * **Types of Pollution**   * **Types of Pollution**
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   * As a result, the UV-B can reach Earth’s surface and cause harm to biological organisms   * As a result, the UV-B can reach Earth’s surface and cause harm to biological organisms
  
-**Unit 9: Global Change**+======**Unit 9: Global Change**======
  
-|●|**Global Warming**| | | | | | | +●**Global Warming** 
-| |○|**Greenhouse Gas Concentration**| | | | | |+○**Greenhouse Gas Concentration**
 | | | |**Greenhouse Gas**| |**Pre-Industrial Level**| |**In 2016**| | | | |**Greenhouse Gas**| |**Pre-Industrial Level**| |**In 2016**|
 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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 | | | |Nitrous Oxides, N2O| |270 ppb| |328 ppb| | | | |Nitrous Oxides, N2O| |270 ppb| |328 ppb|
 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-|●  **Effects of Climate Change: What’s Coming?**| | | | | | | | + 
-| |○|**Physical Changes**| | | | | | +●  **Effects of Climate Change: What’s Coming?** 
-| | | |●  Decrease of glaciers and ice sheets| | | | | +○**Physical Changes**      
-| | | |●  Continued rising of average ocean levels| | | | | +      ●  Decrease of glaciers and ice sheets     
-| | | |●|Changes in precipitation| | | | +      ●  Continued rising of average ocean levels     
-| | | |●  Increase in frequency and duration of storms| | | | | +      ●  Changes in precipitation    
-| | | |●  Increase in number of hot days| | | | | +      ●  Increase in frequency and duration of storms     
-| | | |●  Decrease in number of cold days| | | | | +      ●  Increase in number of hot days     
-| |○|**Changes in Biota**| | | | | | +      ●  Decrease in number of cold days     
-| | | |●  Increased crop yields in cold environments| | | | | + ○**Changes in Biota**      
-| | | |●  Loss of croplands due to drought and higher temperatures| | | | | +    ●  Increased crop yields in cold environments     
-| | | |●  Cold-tolerant species will need to migrate to cooler climates| | | | | +    ●  Loss of croplands due to drought and higher temperatures     
-| | | |●  Heat-tolerant species may spread and invade new habitats| | | | | +    ●  Cold-tolerant species will need to migrate to cooler climates     
-| | | |●  Additional deaths from water and insect-borne diseases| | | | | +    ●  Heat-tolerant species may spread and invade new habitats     
-| | | |●  Commerce, transport, and coastal settlements may be disrupted by| | | | | +    ●  Additional deaths from water and insect-borne diseases     
-| | | | |changes in ocean levels and storms| | | | +    ●  Commerce, transport, and coastal settlements may be disrupted by     
-| | | |●  Change in marine ecosystems and fishery productivity| | | | | +    changes in ocean levels and storms    
-| |○  **Adaptations to the Warmer Climate**| | | | | | | +    ●  Change in marine ecosystems and fishery productivity     
-| | | |●  Must occur at many levels of society| | | | | + ○  **Adaptations to the Warmer Climate**       
-| | | |●|Develop new technology| | | | +    ●  Must occur at many levels of society     
-| | | |●  Continue to reduce emissions from engines| | | | | +    ●Develop new technology    
-| | | |●  Legislative and behavioral changes needed| | | | | +    ●  Continue to reduce emissions from engines     
-| | | |●|Promote sustainable growth| | | | +    ●  Legislative and behavioral changes needed     
-|●|**Reducing Climate Change**| | | | | | | +    ●Promote sustainable growth    
-| |○|**Technological**| | | | | | +●**Reducing Climate Change**       
-| | | |●|Carbon sequestration| | | | +   ○**Technological**      
-| | | |●  Reduction of emissions from engines| | | | | +      ●Carbon sequestration    
-| |○|**Behavioral**| | | | | | +      ●  Reduction of emissions from engines     
-| | | |●  Turning off the lights to conserve electricity| | | | | + ○**Behavioral**      
-| |○|**Policy**| | | | | | +    ●  Turning off the lights to conserve electricity     
-| | | |●  Enacting new treaties and legislation| | | | |+ ○**Policy**      
 +    ●  Enacting new treaties and legislation    
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